Well a sub simply won't without amplification, head units do something like 50w max output.. You'll barely move a sub let alone produce audible bass at that
Tweeters in the panels means you have the upgraded audio so yeah i believe amps, definitely also not an expert on that subject
3 way front setup is the best basic layout of speakers, you want 2.5 octaves (2x frequency is one octave) per speaker for optimal setup, which really needs more than 3 lol.. 20-70hz for sub-bass driver (subwoofer).. Then i can't remember the rest lol.. Midbass (aka midwoofer) would be til roughly 300hz (maybe 400 depending on speaker characteristics etc), , 1000-1500 depending for midrange, then above that for tweeter, with rolloff's crossing over between each speaker for blending
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